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A redistricting commission is a body, other than the usual state legislative bodies, designated to draw electoral district lines. Generally the intent is to avoid gerrymandering, or at least the appearance of gerrymandering, by specifying a nonpartisan or bipartisan body to comprise the commission drawing district lines. However, a number of these commissions, much like some state boards of election, are set up to give the majority party more seats on the commission, or effective control of the commission; see e.g. the New Jersey Redistricting Commission. Currently, twenty-one (21) U.S. states currently utilize some form of non-partisan or bipartisan redistricting commission. Of the 21 U.S. states that utilize redistricting commissions, the 13 of those states that use redistricting commissions to exclusively draw electoral district lines are listed in the table below.〔 A fourteenth state, Iowa, uses a special redistricting process that uses neither the state Legislature nor an independent redistricting commission to draw electoral district lines (see below). In 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission that redistricting commissions such as Arizona's, whose redistricting commission process is independent of the state legislature, were constitutional. Table Key – For purposes of this table: * ''Bipartisan'' means a substantial majority of the commission's membership is reserved for members of the two major U.S. political parties. * ''Non-partisan'' means that either, a) the partisan makeup of the commission is not specified beforehand, or b) a substantial portion (i.e. ''more'' than one) of the membership of the commission is reserved for political independents or members of so-called Third Parties. &softpage=Doc_Frame_Pg42&wordsaroundhits=2&x=0&y=0&zz= ">title=NEW JERSEY STATE CONSTITUTION 1947 (UPDATED THROUGH AMENDMENTS ADOPTED IN NOVEMBER, 2012) ARTICLE IV LEGISLATIVE SECTION III )〕 |- | Washington Redistricting Commission | Congressional & Legislative districts | Bipartisan; majority (of 4) rules | style="text-align:center"| 5 (only 4 voting) | ''No elected official and no person elected to legislative district, county, or state political party office may serve on the commission.'' Majority and minority leaders of the House and Senate each select one. These four select a non-voting fifth to chair the commission. If they fail to do so by January 1, 2001, the state Supreme Court will select the fifth by February 5, 2001. No commission member may be a public official. | Washington Constitution Article II, § 43〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Washington State Constitution )〕 |- | colspan="6" | ''Commissions Responsible for Legislative Redistricting ''only'':'' |- | Alaska | Legislative districts | Non-partisan; majority-rules | style="text-align:center"| 5 | ''No member may be a public employee or official.'' Governor appoints two; president of the Senate appoints one; speaker of the House appoints one; chief justice of the Supreme Court appoints one. At least one member must be a resident of each judicial district. | Alaska Constitution Article 6〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alaska Constitution - Article 6 - Legislative Apportionment )〕 |- | Arkansas | Legislative districts | Non-partisan; majority-rules | style="text-align:center"| 3 | Commission consists of the state's Governor, Secretary of State, and Attorney General. | Arkansas Constitution Article 6 |- | Colorado | Legislative districts | Non-partisan; Colorado Supreme Court must approve | style="text-align:center"| 11 | Legislature selects four: (speaker of the House; House minority leader; Senate majority and minority leaders; or their delegates). Governor selects three. Judiciary selects four. ''Maximum of four from the legislature.'' Each congressional district must have at least one person, but no more than four people representing it on the commission. At least one member must live west of the Continental Divide. | Colorado Constitution Article 5, § 48〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Colo. Const. Art. V, Section 48 - COLORADO REVISED STATUTES )〕 |- | Missouri | Legislative districts | Bipartisan; super-majorities required | style="text-align:center"| Senate: 10 House: 18 | ''No commission member may hold office in the legislature for four years after redistricting.'' There are two separate redistricting committees, one for each chamber of the Legislature. Governor picks one person from each list of two submitted by the two main political parties in each congressional district to form the House committee; Governor picks five people from two lists of 10 submitted by the two major political parties in the state to form the Senate committee. | Missouri Constitution Article III, § 2〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Missouri Constitution Article III LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT Section 2 )〕 & § 7〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Missouri Constitution Article III LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT Section 7 )〕 |- | Ohio | Legislative districts | Non-partisan; majority rules | style="text-align:center"| 5 | Board consists of the Governor, Auditor, Secretary of State, and two people selected by the legislative leaders of each major political party. | Ohio Constitution Article XI, § 1〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Ohio Constitution (1851 Constitution with Amendments to 2011 ) )〕 |- | Pennsylvania | Legislative districts | Bipartisan; majority rules | style="text-align:center"| 5 | Majority and minority leaders of the legislative houses each select one member. These four select a fifth to chair. If they fail to do so within 45 days, a majority of the state Supreme Court will select the fifth member. The chair cannot be a public official. | Pennsylvania Constitution Article II, § 17〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania )〕 |} A special case is Iowa: Additionally, Maine and Vermont use advisory committees for redistricting.〔 Connecticut, Illinois, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas use backup redistricting commissions, if efforts at redistricting via the usual legislative process fail.〔 In 2008 California voters approved Proposition 11 amending the state's constitution creating a bi-partisan Citizens Redistricting Commission composed of non-office-holding citizens.〔 ==See also== * Redistricting 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Redistricting commission」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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